List of Muslim Astronomers

* Khalid ibn Yazid (Calif)
* Jafar al-Sadiq
* Yaqūb ibn Tāriq
* Ibrahim al-Fazari
* Muhammad al-Fazari
* Mashallah
* Naubakht
* Al-Khwarizmi, also a mathematician
* Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Albumasar)
* Al-Farghani
* Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa)
o Ja'far Muhammad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir
o Ahmad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir
o Al-Hasan ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir
* Thābit ibn Qurra (Thebit)
o Sinan ibn Thabit
o Ibrahim ibn Sinan
* Al-Majriti
* Muhammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al-Battānī (Albatenius)
* Al-Farabi (Abunaser)
* Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi
* Abu Sa'id Gorgani
* Kushyar ibn Labban
* Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin
* Al-Mahani
* Al-Marwazi
* Al-Nayrizi
* Al-Saghani
* Al-Farghani
* Brethren of Purity
* Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (Kuhi)
* Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi
* Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī
* Ibn Yunus
* Abu Nasr Mansur
* Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen)
* Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī
* Avicenna
* Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (Arzachel)
* Omar Khayyám
* Al-Khazini
* Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)
* Ibn Tufail (Abubacer)
* Nur Ed-Din Al Betrugi (Alpetragius)
* Averroes
* Al-Jazari
* Anvari
* Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī
* Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi
* Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
* Ibn al-Nafis
* Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
* Ibn al-Shatir
* Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī
* Jamshīd al-Kāshī
* Ulugh Beg, also a mathematician
* Al-Birjandi
* Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf, Ottoman astronomer
* Maeriam al-Ijliya al-Astrulabi, one of the few female medieval Muslim astronomers known by name
* Ahmad Nahavandi
* Haly Abenragel
* Abolfadl Harawi
* Kerim Kerimov, a founder of the Soviet space program and a lead architect behind the first human spaceflight (Vostok 1) and space stations (Salyut and Mir)
* Farouk El-Baz, a NASA scientist involved in the first Moon landings with the Apollo program
* Abdul Kalam
* Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
* Muhammed Faris
* Abdul Ahad Mohmand
* Talgat Musabayev
* Anousheh Ansari
* Amir Ansari
* Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor